In modern structural engineering, optimisation techniques have become indispensable tools for achieving lightweight, cost-effective and high-performance designs. These methods encompass topology, ...

Researchers identify fabrication constraints, reinforcement integration, sensing, and quality control as key factors in ...

Metaheuristic optimisation has emerged as a powerful paradigm for tackling the complex, non-linear and often discrete decision spaces inherent in structural design. By emulating natural processes, ...